Reachout Orthopedics - Issue 1

Visual Diagnosis CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS: MRI VS. FUNCTIONAL X-RAY STUDY Cervical spondylosis: MRI vs. functional X-ray study. MRI study performed in sagittal plane with T1 TSE ( a ) and T2 TSE ( b ) weighted images. Focal central disc protrusion at C5–C6 level, without cord compression. Plain radiographic functional study in flexion ( c ) and extension ( d ) lateral view, showing minimal hypermobility at C4– C5 level on flexion image. Source: Colosimo C., Pileggi M., Pedicelli A., Perotti G., Costantini A.M. Diagnostic Imaging of Degenerative Spine Diseases: The Technical Approach. In: Menchetti P.P.M. (ed). Minimally Invasive Surgery of the Lumbar Spine. 1st ed. London: Springer-Verlag; 2013, pp 21-47. DOI 10.1007/978- 1-4471-5280-4_2. © Springer-Verlag London 2014. a c b d SEPTIC ARTHRITIS Septic arthritis. ( a ) Anteroposterior radiograph of the shoulder in an IV drug user shows focal lucency ( arrow ) at the humerus. ( b ) Radiograph 1 month later shows erosions of the humerus and glenoid. (c) Axial computed tomography shows humeral luncency and diffuse glenoid bone loss ( dotted arrow ). ( d ) Axial T1-weighted fat-saturated magentic resonance imaging (MRI) shows joint effusion with extensive intra-articular debris and synovial thickening ( arrows ). ( e ) Sagittal T1-weighted MRI shows large articular erosions of the bare area of the humeral head with confluent low T1 signal ( arrows ), indicative of osteomyelitis. Source: Harry G. Greditzer IV, Dustin H. Massel, et al . Radiographic musculoskeletal findings indicating opioid misuse: an overview for orthopedic surgeons. HSS Jrnl . 2019; 15(1):84–92. DOI 10.1007/s11420-018-09654-y. © Hospital for Special Surgery 2019. 30