Luminary Learning Gastrointestinal Disorder- Issue 1

42  • LUMINARY LEARNING: GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS zz In the elderly, the role of screening colonoscopies has not been sufficiently defined but should be determined on an individual basis on criteria that include other factors than age only. zz In pregnant women, there is no role for screening colonoscopies. Inevitable diagnostic or ther- apeutic interventions must be undertaken with caution and clinical judgment of each indi- vidual patient case; evaluating the benefits and risks of the procedure for the mother and the unborn fetus. References 1. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures. 2016.  http://www.cancerorg/acs/groups/content/@ research/ documents/document/acspc-047079pdf. Accessed 22 Mar 2016. 2. Hemmasi G, Sohrabi M, Zamani F, et al. Prevalence of colorectal adenoma in an average-risk population aged 40–50 versus 50–60 years. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2015;24:386–90. 3. O’Connell JB, Maggard MA, Ko CY. Colon cancer survival rates with the new American Joint Committee on Cancer sixth edition staging.[see comment]. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:1420–5. 4. Rex DK, Johnson DA, Anderson JC, Schoenfeld PS, Burke CA, Inadomi JM. American College of Gastroenterology guidelines for colorectal cancer screening 2009 [corrected]. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:739–50. 5. American Cancer Society recommendations for colorectal cancer early detection. 2016.  http://www.cancer . org/cancer/colonandrectumcancer/moreinformation/colonandrectumcancerearlydetection/colorectal-cancer- early-detection-acs-recommendations. Accessed 25 Mar 2016. 6. Ko C, Hyman NH. Practice parameter for the detection of colorectal neoplasms: an interim report (revised). Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;49:299–301. 7. Levin B, Lieberman DA, McFarland B, et al. Screening and surveillance for the early detection of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps, 2008: a joint guideline from the American Cancer Society, the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American College of Radiology. CA Cancer J Clin. 2008;58:130–60. 8. Davila RE, Rajan E, Baron TH, et al. ASGE guideline: colorectal cancer screening and surveillance. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;63:546–57. 9. Levin B, Lieberman DA, McFarland B, et al. Screening and surveillance for the early detection of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps, 2008: a joint guideline from the American Cancer Society, the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American College of Radiology. Gastroenterology. 2008;134:1570–95. 10. Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Ho MN, et al. Prevention of colorectal cancer by colonoscopic polypectomy. The National Polyp Study Workgroup N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1977–81. 11. Zauber AG, Winawer SJ, O’Brien MJ, et al. Colonoscopic polypectomy and long-term prevention of colorectal- cancer deaths. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:687–96. 12. Cairns SR, Scholefield JH, Steele RJ, et al. Guidelines for colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in moderate and high risk groups (update from 2002). Gut. 2010;59:666–89. 13. Adler A, Wegscheider K, Lieberman D, et al. Factors determining the quality of screening colonoscopy: a prospective study on adenoma detection rates, from 12,134 examinations (Berlin colonoscopy project 3, BECOP-3). Gut. 2013;62:236–41. 14. Fayad NF, Kahi CJ. Quality measures for colonoscopy: a critical evaluation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12:1973–80. 15. Anderson JC, Butterly LF, RobinsonCM, GoodrichM,Weiss JE. Impact of fair bowel preparation quality on adenoma and serrated polyp detection: data from the New Hampshire colonoscopy registry by using a standardized preparation-quality rating. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;80:463–70. 16. Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Fletcher RH, et al. Guidelines for colonoscopy surveillance after polypectomy: a consensus update by the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer and the American Cancer Society. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:1872–85. 17. Winawer SJ. Long-term colorectal-cancer mortality after adenoma removal. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:2035–6. 18. Etzioni DA, Yano EM, Rubenstein LV, et al. Measuring the quality of colorectal cancer screening: the importance of follow-up. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;49:1002–10. 19. Seeff LC, Nadel MR, Klabunde CN, et al. Patterns and predictors of colorectal cancer test use in the adult U.S. population. Cancer. 2004;100:2093–103.