MMPAD Milan Meeting Report

12 European Roadshow - Milan, 29 June 2018 MEETING REPORT HYPOGLYCAEMIA Presented by Professor Claudio Maffeis - University of Verona Diagnosis of hypoglycaemia The table below summarises the criteria for the definition of mild and severe hypoglycaemia in children and adolescents. Hypoglycaemia in children and adolescents * Non-diabetic hypoglycaemia in infants is defined as < 40 mg/dL blood glucose ACTA Biomedica, 2018:89:1-34 Reflection: Signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia The signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia are predominantly CNS, where there exists a condition of neuroglycopaenia : 15 Cerebral damage is a typical consequence of severe and recurrent hypoglycaemia with obvious macroscopic effects from the standpoint of anatomical pathology. Fortunately, in children there is higher compensatory brain connectivity . 16 It must be said, however, that from the epidemiological standpoint, severe cases of hypoglycaemia have steadily declined since 2002. Hypoglycaemia Infants (0–30 days) Children (1 month–11 years) Adolescents (12–17 years) Mild <70 mg/dL* ≤70 mg/dL ≤70 mg/dL Serious Coma or convulsions requiring parental therapy Coma or convulsions or neurological symptoms requiring parental therapy Coma or convulsions or neurological symptoms requiring parental therapy or assistance of another person Autonomous Neuroglycopaenic Behavioural Agitation Lack of concentration Irritability Sweating Blurred or double vision Erratic behaviour Tremors Altered colour vision Agitation Palpitations Hearing problems Nightmares Pallor Mumbled speech Inconsolable crying Reduced ability to make decisions and confusion Non-specific symptoms Short-term memory problems Hunger Vertigo and instability Headaches Loss of consciousness Nausea Convulsions Tiredness Death